A 43-year-old man was seen in a sexual health clinic for evaluation after a recent sex partner was diagnosed with syphilis. This 43-year-old man has a prior history of injection drug use but has not injected drugs for more than 5 years. He has avoided medical care and has never had testing for HIV or hepatitis C virus (HCV).
Which one of the following HCV diagnostic testing options should be performed for this man?

Figure 1. HCV Testing Sequence for Identifying Current HCV Infection
This diagram shows the HCV testing sequence recommended by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in May 2013.
Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Testing for HCV infection: an update of guidance for clinicians and laboratories. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2013;62:362-5.

Figure 2. Outcome after Acute HCV Infection: Resolved versus Chronic HCV Infection
Illustration: David H. Spach, MD
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Question Last Updated
March 11th, 2025
March 11th, 2025
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