Lesson 3. Candidiasis - Vulvovaginal PDF Share Table of ContentsCandidiasis - VulvovaginalReferences PDF ShareReferencesAnderson MR, Klink K, Cohrssen A. Evaluation of vaginal complaints. JAMA. 2004;291:1368-79.[PubMed Abstract] - Apalata T, Carr WH, Sturm WA, Longo-Mbenza B, Moodley P. Determinants of symptomatic vulvovaginal candidiasis among human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infected women in rural KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol. 2014;2014:387070.[PubMed Abstract] - Duerr A, Heilig CM, Meikle SF, et al. Incident and persistent vulvovaginal candidiasis among human immunodeficiency virus-infected women: Risk factors and severity. Obstet Gynecol. 2003;101:548-56.[PubMed Abstract] - Eckert LO, Hawes SE, Stevens CE, Koutsky LA, Eschenbach DA, Holmes KK. Vulvovaginal candidiasis: clinical manifestations, risk factors, management algorithm. Obstet Gynecol. 1998;92:757-65.[PubMed Abstract] - Eckert LO. Clinical practice. Acute vulvovaginitis. N Engl J Med. 2006;355:1244-52.[PubMed Abstract] - Gonçalves B, Ferreira C, Alves CT, Henriques M, Azeredo J, Silva S. Vulvovaginal candidiasis: Epidemiology, microbiology and risk factors. Crit Rev Microbiol. 2016;42:905-27.[PubMed Abstract] - Kennedy MA, Sobel JD. Vulvovaginal candidiasis caused by non-albicans Candida species: new insights. Curr Infect Dis Rep. 2010;12:465-70.[PubMed Abstract] - Lopez-Rangel E, Van Allen MI. Prenatal exposure to fluconazole: an identifiable dysmorphic phenotype. Birth Defects Res A Clin Mol Teratol. 2005;73:919-23.[PubMed Abstract] - Mølgaard-Nielsen D, Pasternak B, Hviid A. Use of oral fluconazole during pregnancy and the risk of birth defects. N Engl J Med. 2013;369:830-9.[PubMed Abstract] - Mølgaard-Nielsen D, Svanström H, Melbye M, Hviid A, Pasternak B. Association Between Use of Oral Fluconazole During Pregnancy and Risk of Spontaneous Abortion and Stillbirth. JAMA. 2016;315:58-67.[PubMed Abstract] - Powell AM, Nyirjesy P. Recurrent vulvovaginitis. Best Pract Res Clin Obstet Gynaecol. 2014;28:967-76.[PubMed Abstract] - Schuman P, Capps L, Peng G, et al. Weekly fluconazole for the prevention of mucosal candidiasis in women with HIV infection. A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Terry Beirn Community Programs for Clinical Research on AIDS. Ann Intern Med. 1997;126:689-96.[PubMed Abstract] - Shahid Z, Sobel JD. Reduced fluconazole susceptibility of Candida albicans isolates in women with recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis: effects of long-term fluconazole therapy. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis. 2009;64:354-6.[PubMed Abstract] - Sobel JD, Brooker D, Stein GE, et al. Single oral dose fluconazole compared with conventional clotrimazole topical therapy of Candida vaginitis. Fluconazole Vaginitis Study Group. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1995;172:1263-8.[PubMed Abstract] - Sobel JD, Faro S, Force RW, et al. Vulvovaginal candidiasis: epidemiologic, diagnostic, and therapeutic considerations. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1998;178:203-11.[PubMed Abstract] - Sobel JD, Wiesenfeld HC, Martens M, et al. Maintenance fluconazole therapy for recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. N Engl J Med. 2004;351:876-83.[PubMed Abstract] - Sobel JD. Recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2016;214:15-21.[PubMed Abstract] - Sobel JD. Vulvovaginal candidiasis: a comparison of HIV-positive and -negative women. Int J STD AIDS. 2002;13:358-62.[PubMed Abstract] - Sobel JD. Vulvovaginal candidosis. Lancet. 2007;369:1961-71.[PubMed Abstract] - U.S. Food and Drug Administration. Fluconazole (Diflucan): Drug Safety Communication - FDA Evaluating Study Examining Use of Oral Fluconazole (Diflucan) in Pregnancy April 26, 2016.[US Food and Drug Administration] - Watson MC, Grimshaw JM, Bond CM, Mollison J, Ludbrook A. Oral versus intra-vaginal imidazole and triazole anti-fungal treatment of uncomplicated vulvovaginal candidiasis (thrush). Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2001;(4):CD002845.[PubMed Abstract] - Workowski KA, Bolan GA; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. Diseases characterized by vaginal discharge: Vulvovaginal candidiasis. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2015;64(No. RR-3):1-137.[2015 STD Treatment Guidelines] - Workowski KA, Bolan GA; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Sexually transmitted diseases treatment guidelines, 2015. Management of persons who have a history of penicillin allergy. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2015;64(No. RR-3):1-137.[2015 STD Treatment Guidelines] - Share by e-mail From:Enter your e-mail address To: Enter the e-mail address of the recipient Your Message: Check-On-LearningQuestionsThe Check-on-Learning Questions are short and topic related. They are meant to help you stay on track throughout each lesson and check your understanding of key concepts.You must be signed in to customize your interaction with these questions. 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